database / hormone
VIP
also known as vasoactive intestinal peptide
Skeletal structure drawn from the computed atomic coordinates in PubChem CID 53314964. Carbons are implicit vertices; hydrogens on carbon are suppressed, as in any structural formula. Nothing here is estimated — every atom sits where PubChem placed it.
Research reference only. The observations below are recorded in the cited literature. Nothing here is advice or a recommendation, and no dosing information is published on this site.
Sequence
HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN
His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn
- hydrophobic
- positive
- negative
- polar
- aromatic
- glycine
- proline
- cysteine
Modified molecule. C-terminal amide.
Backbone carries modifications, so computed backbone mass is not comparable to the reported mass of the complete molecule.
Molecular data
| molecular formula | C147H237N43O43S |
|---|---|
| molecular weight | 3326.8 Da (PubChem) |
| computed backbone mass | 3326.82 Da |
| length | 28 residues |
| net charge (pH 7.4) | +3 |
| mean hydropathy | -0.64 |
| half-life | not characterised |
| delivery route | not characterised |
| PubChem CID | 53314964 |
| PDB | not characterised |
| UniProt parent | P01282 |
Mechanism
VPAC1/VPAC2 receptor agonist; vasodilator and immunomodulator.
Reported targets: VPAC1 VPAC2
Experimental structure
No experimental structure of this peptide is deposited in the PDB. Nothing is rendered here — a predicted fold would not be a structure, and this site does not draw one.
Helical wheel
Residues projected at 100° per turn, the standard α-helix rotation. Shown because helicity in this peptide is described in the cited literature.
Position in the parent protein
…KYLESLMGKRVSSNISEDPVPVKRHSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILNGKRSSEGESPDFPEELEK
Parent sequence from UniProt P01282. Cleaved from the VIP precursor.
Reported effects
Each row is an outcome described in the literature indexed for this peptide. Reported in the cited work — not a claim, not a recommendation.
| reported outcome | where it appears |
|---|---|
| vasodilation | Intranasal delivery of a vasoactive intestinal peptide-based circRNA vaccine… Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 2026 |
| anti-inflammatory activity in models | The Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Glucagon-like Peptide-2-Mediate… International journal of molecular sciences 2026 |
Registered trials
| NCT | title | status | phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04260035 | The Effects of a Long-lasting Infusion of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in Episodic Mi | COMPLETED | NA |
| NCT05318157 | Efficacy of Artemisia Pollen Specific Allergen Immunotherapy | UNKNOWN | PHASE4 |
| NCT01916395 | Comparison of Treximet & Imitrex as They Affect the Levels of Inflammatory Markers When the | COMPLETED | — |
| NCT00112684 | Alvocidib in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors | TERMINATED | PHASE1 |
| NCT03989817 | The Effects of a Long-lasting Infusion of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on Headache, C | COMPLETED | NA |
Literature (8)
Intranasal delivery of a vasoactive intestinal peptide-based circRNA vaccine induces systemic and mucosal immunity against RSV in mice — Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42619264 · DOI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.08.025
The Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Glucagon-like Peptide-2-Mediated Intestinal Lipid Handling — International journal of molecular sciences 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42353173 · DOI 10.3390/ijms27125457
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)-Secreting Neuroblastic Tumors in Children Presenting With Chronic Secretory Diarrhea: A Report of Two Cases — Cureus 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42591963 · DOI 10.7759/cureus.112564
Vasoactive intestinal Peptide as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review — Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42447728 · DOI 10.1016/j.msard.2026.107377
Exploration of the regulatory mechanism of the vasoactive intestinal peptide-eosinophil axis in sheep resistance to Moniezia benedeni infection — Veterinary parasitology 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42241948 · DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110822
Vasoactive intestinal peptide advances chondrogenesis and modulates pathogenic mediators in human osteoarthritis — Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42178419 · DOI 10.1007/s00109-026-02683-9
A Historical Review of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Sepsis — Biology 2026
The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) have emerged as potent modulators of immune responses during sepsis, yet their roles remain complex, alternating between protective and permissive depending on timing, tissue compartment, and inflammatory context. This review presents a historical assessment of VIP and PACAP in sepsis research, highlighting the evolution of conceptual advances across five decades. Starting in the 1980s, early studies revealed that VIP levels rise during endotoxemia and correlated with hypotension and mortality, suggesting a deleterious role. By the 1990s, research pivoted toward understanding gut-derived VIP and its interaction with nitric oxide, culminating in the classification of VIP and PACAP as "macrophage deactivating factors" that downregulate TNFα and IL-6. The 2000s further clarif…
open access ↗ · PMID 42117802 · DOI 10.3390/biology15090663
<b>Severe hypokalaemia and secretory diarrhoea secondary to a vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumour (VIPoma</b>) — BMJ case reports 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42409425 · DOI 10.1136/bcr-2026-274867
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