Vasopressin

Vasopressin is increasingly being used as inotropic agent due to its catecholamine's sparing property. Vasopressin is instrumental in rapid adjustment of water excretion according to the state of body hydration. It is also used in treatment of DI; Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin or Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. however, there are only anecdote reports discussing the precipitation of DI d/t vasopressin withdrawal. Hence, we report a case of diabetes insipidus in post Coronary artery bypass grafting after vasopressin withdrawal.

open access ↗ · PMID 41623817 · DOI 10.6026/973206300213564

The neurohypophysis (pars posterior) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. The embryological origin of this structure is the neuroectodermal infundibulum. The neurohypophysis comprises 2 primary regions, the pars nervosa and the infundibular stalk. The pars intermedia and median eminence are sometimes included. The neurohypophysis secretes the 2 peptide hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), prevents diuresis. These hormones are synthesized by magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus, specifically within the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Axons from these neurons project to the neurohypophysis, transporting the hormones for storage and subsequent release into the neurohypophyseal capillaries, which deliver these ne…

open access ↗ · PMID 32809568

Giant aneurysms are rare vascular anomalies that can induce symptoms through compression of neural structures. This report describes a case of a giant sellar aneurysm initially manifesting as diabetes insipidus (DI), challenging conventional diagnostic paradigms for sellar mass lesions. Although DI typically arises from antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency, its presentation as the primary symptom of a giant sellar aneurysm is exceedingly uncommon. The distinctiveness of this case lies in the occurrence of DI, likely due to aneurysmal compression of the pituitary gland, underscoring the imperative to include aneurysms in the differential diagnosis of sellar lesions. Giant sellar aneurysms are frequently misdiagnosed as pituitary adenomas, particularly when atypical symptoms are present. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, this case was successfully managed, yielding valuable clinica…

open access ↗ · PMID 42318214 · DOI 10.3389/fendo.2026.1737157

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a disorder in which an excessive amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released, leading to water retention and subsequent hyponatremia. Delayed hyponatremia, typically beginning on postoperative day (POD) 4, is a well-recognized complication following transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors and is thought to result from excess release of stored ADH due to surgical trauma. In this rare case of early symptomatic hyponatremia secondary to SIADH, a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman with no significant past medical history developed symptomatic hyponatremia on POD 1 after elective transsphenoidal resection of a nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor. Her serum sodium reached a nadir of [dose redacted] on POD 2. Urine osmolality was 961 mOsm/kg on POD 1, consistent with SIADH. She was treated with fluid restriction, …

open access ↗ · PMID 41994839 · DOI 10.7759/cureus.105276

The pars nervosa (neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary) is a neuroendocrine structure that, together with the anterior and intermediate lobes, constitutes the pituitary gland. The pars nervosa connects to the hypothalamus via the infundibular stalk and resides within the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped indentation of the sphenoid bone located superior to the nasopharynx. The structure functions in the storage and release of the neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP; also antidiuretic hormone or ADH), which are synthesized in hypothalamic neurons, into the systemic circulation. These hormones exert critical effects on blood pressure and osmolarity regulation, as well as on parturition and lactation. Consequently, regulated secretion of oxytocin and AVP represents the primary physiologic role of the pars nervosa (see Image. Structural Components of the Pituitary…

open access ↗ · PMID 31613526

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a well-known cause of hyponatremia, frequently associated with small-cell lung carcinoma. Its association with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), however, is rare and underreported. We describe the case of an 81-year-old female with a history of chronic hyponatremia attributed to SIADH, requiring multiple hospitalizations. During her hospitalizations, she would be on fluid restriction and urea tablets. Her medical history included paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, a stable pulmonary nodule, and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Initial hematologic evaluations for cytopenias were unremarkable. Nearly a decade later, she developed pancytosis, and subsequent testing revealed a JAK2 V617F mutation with a 40.1% clone size. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of polycythemia vera, an MPN. Treatment with intermittent ph…

open access ↗ · PMID 41756340 · DOI 10.7759/cureus.104231

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

publisher record ↗ · PMID 41995738 · DOI 10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2026

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

publisher record ↗ · PMID 42432807 · DOI 10.1186/s40780-026-00606-x