database / incretin
Liraglutide
also known as Victoza, Saxenda
Skeletal structure drawn from the computed atomic coordinates in PubChem CID 16134956. Carbons are implicit vertices; hydrogens on carbon are suppressed, as in any structural formula. Nothing here is estimated — every atom sits where PubChem placed it.
Research reference only. The observations below are recorded in the cited literature. Nothing here is advice or a recommendation, and no dosing information is published on this site.
Sequence
HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVRGRG
His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly
- hydrophobic
- positive
- negative
- polar
- aromatic
- glycine
- proline
- cysteine
Modified molecule. GLP-1(7-37) analogue with Arg34 and a palmitoyl chain attached via γGlu at Lys26.
Backbone carries modifications, so computed backbone mass is not comparable to the reported mass of the complete molecule.
Molecular data
| molecular formula | C172H265N43O51 |
|---|---|
| molecular weight | 3751 Da (PubChem) |
| computed backbone mass | 3383.72 Da |
| length | 31 residues |
| net charge (pH 7.4) | -1 |
| mean hydropathy | -0.25 |
| half-life | not characterised |
| delivery route | subcutaneous |
| PubChem CID | 16134956 |
| PDB | not characterised |
| UniProt parent | not characterised |
Mechanism
GLP-1 receptor agonist with fatty-acid acylation for albumin binding.
Reported targets: GLP-1R
Experimental structure
No experimental structure of this peptide is deposited in the PDB. Nothing is rendered here — a predicted fold would not be a structure, and this site does not draw one.
Reported effects
Each row is an outcome described in the literature indexed for this peptide. Reported in the cited work — not a claim, not a recommendation.
| reported outcome | where it appears |
|---|---|
| weight loss | Real-world use of liraglutide for weight management according to label in th… Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2025 |
| glycaemic control | Patterns of Use for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in a Weight Management Cohort: A… Military medicine 2026 |
| appetite suppression | Class-Wide Disproportionate Reporting of Impaired Gastric Emptying Across Ni… Research Square 2026 |
Registered trials
| NCT | title | status | phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03347890 | Reward Mechanisms in Obesity | COMPLETED | PHASE4 |
| NCT04020445 | Simplification of Complex Insulin Regimens With Preserving Good Glycemic Control in Type 2 D | COMPLETED | — |
| NCT03480022 | Liraglutide 3mg (Saxenda) on Weight, Body Composition, Hormonal and Metabolic Parameters in | COMPLETED | PHASE3 |
| NCT02930265 | Clinical Study of Liraglutide in Improving Cardiac Function for Patients With Ischemic Cardi | UNKNOWN | NA |
| NCT06500130 | Effects of Liraglutide on Body Surface Gastric Mapping | COMPLETED | NA |
Literature (8)
Real-world use of liraglutide for weight management according to label in the United Kingdom: A cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care databases — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2025
AimsTo assess real-world use of Saxenda® (liraglutide 3.0 mg) and off-label use of Victoza® (liraglutide 1.2 mg/1.8 mg) for weight management and Saxenda® posology in the United Kingdom. Their similar doses and formulation pose a risk of inadvertent use due to their use for different indications.Materials and methodsThis retrospective, non-interventional drug utilization cohort study (DUS), based on anonymized patient data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink databases (CPRD Aurum, GOLD), included adult liraglutide initiators without prior prescription 12 months before the index date. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize Saxenda® and Victoza® user demographics and drug utilization.ResultsTotally 604 Saxenda® and 4853 Victoza® patients were included. Approximately half of the Saxenda® initiators (Si's) (N = 306) had available body weight, of which 96.4% initiated treat…
open access ↗ · PMID 40292833 · DOI 10.1111/dom.16393
Patterns of Use for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in a Weight Management Cohort: A Military Health System Database Analysis of Active Duty Service Members From 2021 to 2025 — Military medicine 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42424303 · DOI 10.1093/milmed/usag316
Class-Wide Disproportionate Reporting of Impaired Gastric Emptying Across Nine Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Products: A Signal-Detection Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System — Research Square 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9818062/v3
Investigating the potential non-authorized use of two different formulations of liraglutide in Europe: A real-world drug utilization study — Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2023
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 36514273 · DOI 10.1111/dom.14945
A comprehensive analysis of community pharmacists' practices, barriers, and strategies in patient education on Saxenda®: a qualitative study — Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences 2026
BACKGROUND: Saxenda® side effects are mostly avoidable, and its administration is complex; therefore, patient education by pharmacists is essential to optimize its efficacy and safety. In Iraq, patient education practices remain inconsistent and barriers to effective patient education are unclear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the extent of pharmacists’ practices in patient education regarding Saxenda®, including the adequacy and accuracy of the information conveyed, as well as the barriers encountered in delivering this education. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using face-to-face interviews with a purposive sample of community-pharmacists in Baghdad. The interview guide was validated by a panel of experts. Data analyzed by thematic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two pharmacists participated in this study, and three main themes emerged: The first is the extent of current pharmacists’ Pr…
open access ↗ · PMID 42015323 · DOI 10.1186/s40780-026-00575-1
GLP-1 and GIP class drugs have neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease — Frontiers in neuroscience 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42666495 · DOI 10.3389/fnins.2026.1906426
Predictors and Characteristics of Hair Loss Among Users of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Cross-Sectional Analysis — Journal of cosmetic dermatology 2026
BackgroundThe increasing use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss and metabolic improvements has led to the recognition of various side effects. One potential, yet underexplored, adverse effect is hair loss. This study aims to investigate the frequency, characteristics, and predictors of hair loss in patients using GLP-1RAs.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, conducted uniquely in Saudi Arabia from January to June 2025, involved 254 participants who had used GLP-1RAs (Mounjaro, Ozempic, Saxenda, or Victoza) for weight loss purposes. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, ensuring comprehensive coverage of demographic information, clinical characteristics, and details of hair loss, including timing, severity, and progression. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS v29.ResultsA total of 254 participants were included in the study, with the majority being female (71…
open access ↗ · PMID 41914454 · DOI 10.1111/jocd.70835
Real-World Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide in Adolescents with Obesity: A First Longitudinal Single-Center Analysis from Switzerland — Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2025
Background: Adolescent obesity remains a challenge with limited treatment options. GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide (Saxenda®) have shown efficacy in trials, but real-world data in youth are scarce. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal, non-interventional study analyzed 22 adolescents treated with liraglutide in a Swiss pediatric endocrinology center. All received non-structured nutritional/lifestyle counseling with three-monthly follow-up. BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) and adverse effects were recorded. Results: The mean age at initiation was 14.9 years (range 12.5-17.5); 15 patients had Southern European immigrant background. Mean treatment duration was 8.2 months (range 1-18). BMI-SDS decreased significantly from +2.63 (IQR +2.4/+2.8) to +2.40 (IQR +2.2/+2.6). Median intra-individual reduction was -0.20 (IQR -0.28/-0.10), p = 0.0003 with large effect size (rb …
open access ↗ · PMID 41462856 · DOI 10.3390/children12121716
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