Hexarelin

ObjectiveHexarelin is a growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a agonist with a potent anti-apoptotic effect. We studied the neuroprotective effect of hexarelin on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina following optic nerve transection (ONT).Materials and methodsGolden hamsters of 8-9 weeks old were used. For 7 days following ONT with one dose of drug, hamsters were injected with single dose of saline, 25 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg, and 100 μg/kg hexarelin daily for 5 days. For 7 days after ONT with two doses of drugs, saline, 100 μg/kg and 150 μg/kg hexarelin were injected twice daily for 5 days. Survival of RGCs was quantified by immunostaining with Tuj1 antibody in retina whole mount.ResultsSingle daily a dose [redacted]/kg, 50 μg/kg, and 100 μg/kg hexarelin dose dependently and significantly increased the survival of RGC. The survival rates of RGC in saline, 25 μg/kg, 50 …

open access ↗ · PMID 41766237 · DOI 10.4103/ijp.ijp_176_24

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

publisher record ↗ · PMID 42619489 · DOI 10.1515/jbcpp-2026-0178

IntroductionHexarelin exhibits significant protection against organ injury in models of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury (IRI). Nevertheless, the impact of Hexarelin on acute kidney injury (AKI) and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Hexarelin in I/R-induced AKI and elucidated its molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe assessed the protective effects of Hexarelin through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the I/R-induced AKI model, rats were pretreated with Hexarelin at 100 μg/kg/d for 7 days before being sacrificed 24 h post-IRI. Subsequently, kidney function, histology, and apoptosis were assessed. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced HK-2 cell model was used to investigate the impact of Hexarelin on apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Then, we employed molecular docking using a pharmmapper server and autodock sof…

open access ↗ · PMID 37710348 · DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01318-w

Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) marketed as "research compounds" include unregulated peptides intended to modulate the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) axis. The agents most commonly encountered in clinical practice and online self-administration protocols include growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogues (e.g., sermorelin, tesamorelin, CJC-1295 with Drug Affinity Complex [DAC], CJC-1295 without DAC), growth hormone secretagogues (GHS; e.g., growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2), growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), hexarelin, ipamorelin), the growth hormone (GH) fragment - AOD9604 (hGH 176-191), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) analogues (e.g., pegylated mechano growth factor (PEG-MGF), IGF-1 Long R3 (IGF-1 LR3)). Reported adverse effects span endocrine and metabolic disturbances (including prolactin and cortisol elevations, appetit…

open access ↗ · PMID 42395176 · DOI 10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475

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publisher record ↗ · PMID 34856183 · DOI 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104280

The majority of the conventional techniques that are utilized for investigating the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in preclinical animal models do not permit microlevel assessment of in situ cardiomyocyte and microvascular functions. Therefore, it has been difficult to establish whether cardiac dysfunction in complex multiorgan disease states, such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension, have their origins in microvascular dysfunction or rather in the cardiomyocyte. Herein, we describe our approach of utilizing synchrotron radiation microangiography to, first, ascertain whether the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) hexarelin is a vasodilator in the coronary circulation of normal and anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, and next investigate if hexarelin is able to prevent the pathogenesis of right ventricle (RV) dysfunction in pulmonary hypertens…

open access ↗ · PMID 35126171 · DOI 10.3389/fphys.2021.766818

Hexarelin, a synthetic hexapeptide, exerts cyto-protective effects at the mitochondrial level in cardiac and skeletal muscles, both in vitro and in vivo, may also have important neuroprotective bioactivities. This study examined the inhibitory effects of hexarelin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2A cells. Neuro-2A cells were treated for 24 h with various concentrations of H2O2 or with the combination of H2O2 and hexarelin following which cell viability and nitrite (NO2-) release were measured. Cell morphology was also documented throughout and changes arising were quantified using Image J skeleton and fractal analysis procedures. Apoptotic responses were evaluated by Real-Time PCR (caspase-3, caspase-7, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA levels) and Western Blot (cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7, MAPK, and Akt). Our results indicate that hexarelin effectively antagonized H2O2…

open access ↗ · PMID 34066741 · DOI 10.3390/ph14050444

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

publisher record ↗ · DOI 10.1101/2020.11.16.384321