Thymosin α1

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

publisher record ↗ · PMID 42464890 · DOI 10.1111/jgh.70607

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

publisher record ↗ · PMID 42464431 · DOI 10.1111/jgh.70592

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

open access ↗

BackgroundAs a standard therapy, immunotherapy is widely used for sepsis patients. Despite the presence of various immunomodulators, studies comparing their safety and efficacy synthetically are still lacking.MethodsElectronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to March 31, 2025. The primary endpoint assessed was all-cause mortality, whereas secondary outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation (MV duration), length of intensive care unit (ICU-LOS) and hospital stay (hospital-LOS). Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events or serious adverse events (AEs/SAEs). For effect estimation, the risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were utilized. The network meta-analysis was executed via the 'BUGSnet' and 'JAGS' packages within R 4.4.2. Interventions were ranked by surface under the cumula…

open access ↗ · PMID 42205841 · DOI 10.3389/fmed.2026.1808427

BackgroundEarly prediction of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a clinical challenge. There is a lack of studies investigating Thymosin α1 expression levels in AMI patients and its relationship with cardiac function post-AMI.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included patients with AMI from December 2019 to February 2022. The baseline data of two groups were collected. Thymosin α1 expression level of peripheral blood plasma in AMI patients was examined by ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors in-hospital cardiac dysfunction after emergency PCI in AMI patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the biomarker.ResultsA total of 307 hospitalized patients were enrolled in this study, divided into AMI group (n = 274) and non-AMI group (n = 33). The expression level of thy…

open access ↗ · PMID 41019435 · DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1635557

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of solid tumors, their clinical utility remains constrained by several challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which collectively limit overall response rates. Thymosin α1 (Tα1), a pleiotropic immunomodulator, not only enhances immune competence and regulates excessive immune activation but also exerts direct antitumor effects. Given these immunoregulatory and antitumor properties, a growing body of preclinical and clinical studies has investigated the combination of Tα1 with ICIs, demonstrating its potential to augment the efficacy of ICIs and mitigate their limitations. In this review, we summarize and discuss the biological characteristics of Tα1 and current evidence regarding the synergistic effects of Tα1 …

open access ↗ · PMID 42292432 · DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1762151

Adipocyte deposition is believed to be a primary characteristic of age-related thymic involution, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We show here that thymic mesenchymal stromal cells (tMSCs) have a higher tendency to differentiate into adipocytes and melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) is a potential driver of tMSCs adipogenesis. Furthermore, we discover that thymosin-α1 promotes MRAP expression in tMSCs through FoxO1 signaling pathway. Additionally, the proportion of tMSCs increase in older mice compared to young mice. Importantly, MRAP is also necessary for human thymic MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes when exposed to thymosin-α1. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human thymus revealed an accumulation of tMSCs and adipocytes during aging, indicating a strong potential for adipogenic differentiation in age-related thymic involution. Thu…

open access ↗ · PMID 41266306 · DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-64973-z

Tooth pulpitis is a prevalent oral disorder. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of pulpitis and developing effective treatment strategies hold great significance. Ferroptosis has recently emerged as a new form of cell death, but the role of ferroptosis in pulpitis remains largely unknown. In our study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to identify cellular heterogeneity between 3 pulpitis tissue and 3 healthy pulp tissue, and explored ferroptosis occurrence in pulpitis tissue and inflamed dental pulp cells (DPCs). In scRNA-seq, 40 231 cells (Pulpitis: 17 814; Healthy pulp: 22 417) were captured, and visualized into 12 distinct cell clusters. Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs) were almost presented in each cluster in pulpitis vs healthy pulp. ROS and Fe2+ levels significantly rose, and immunohistochemistry showed low expression of GPX4 and high…

open access ↗ · PMID 41087337 · DOI 10.1038/s41368-025-00394-4