database / longevity
Glutathione
also known as GSH
Skeletal structure drawn from the computed atomic coordinates in PubChem CID 124886. Carbons are implicit vertices; hydrogens on carbon are suppressed, as in any structural formula. Nothing here is estimated — every atom sits where PubChem placed it.
Research reference only. The observations below are recorded in the cited literature. Nothing here is advice or a recommendation, and no dosing information is published on this site.
Sequence
Primary structure not characterised in the public records this index draws on. Nothing is shown rather than something invented.
γ-Glu-Cys-Gly — the glutamate is linked through its side-chain carboxyl, not the α-carboxyl, so it is not a standard peptide bond and one-letter notation would be misleading.
Molecular data
| molecular formula | C10H17N3O6S |
|---|---|
| molecular weight | 307.33 Da (PubChem) |
| computed backbone mass | not characterised |
| length | not characterised |
| net charge (pH 7.4) | not characterised |
| mean hydropathy | not characterised |
| half-life | not characterised |
| delivery route | not characterised |
| PubChem CID | 124886 |
| PDB | not characterised |
| UniProt parent | not characterised |
Mechanism
Principal intracellular thiol antioxidant and cofactor for glutathione peroxidases.
Reported targets: reactive oxygen species glutathione transferases
Experimental structure
No experimental structure of this peptide is deposited in the PDB. Nothing is rendered here — a predicted fold would not be a structure, and this site does not draw one.
Reported effects
Each row is an outcome described in the literature indexed for this peptide. Reported in the cited work — not a claim, not a recommendation.
| reported outcome | where it appears |
|---|---|
| antioxidant activity | Observation of glutathione intra- and extracellular membrane with large Stok… Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 2026 |
| detoxification pathways | GSH-Related Enzymes GPx4, Chac1, and GSTs and Redox Regulation of Ferroptosi… International journal of molecular sciences 2026 |
Registered trials
| NCT | title | status | phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02182882 | Efficacy of Ginsana in Improving Half-time Hemoglobin Re-oxygenation in Healthy People | COMPLETED | PHASE2 |
| NCT06437210 | Evaluation of Treatment With Viusid in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome | COMPLETED | NA |
| NCT03590197 | Effect of Melatonin on Seizure Outcome, Neuronal Damage and Quality of Life in Patients With | COMPLETED | PHASE4 |
| NCT02299518 | Selinexor and Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Le | COMPLETED | PHASE1 |
| NCT06260215 | Recovery Kinetics Following a Soccer Training in Middle-aged Males | COMPLETED | NA |
Literature (8)
Observation of glutathione intra- and extracellular membrane with large Stokes shift probe modified by long alkyl chains — Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42579264 · DOI 10.1007/s43630-026-00961-6
GSH-Related Enzymes GPx4, Chac1, and GSTs and Redox Regulation of Ferroptosis in Cancer — International journal of molecular sciences 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42511695 · DOI 10.3390/ijms27146353
Cadmium Is Accumulated as Electron-Dense Nanoparticles, Not Bound to Glutathione (GSH), Phytochelatins or Metallothioneins, and Extruded to the Culture Medium with GSH in the Marine Alga Ulva compressa — International journal of molecular sciences 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
Cantharidin Causes Hepatotoxicity by Disrupting GSH-Mediated Redox Homeostasis — Journal of applied toxicology : JAT 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42633976 · DOI 10.1002/jat.70396
The Role of Cellular Glutathione Redox Cycle and Glutathione in the Regulation of Ileum Contractility — International journal of molecular sciences 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42589574 · DOI 10.3390/ijms27156920
Bypassing the bottleneck: Gamma-glutamylcysteine supplementation for brain glutathione enrichment in Alzheimer's disease — Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42593278 · DOI 10.1177/13872877261474009
Stoichiometric glutathione stops Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions of Cu-chelating azides — Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42483903 · DOI 10.1039/d6cc03119f
Glutathione Relevance in the Response of Ciliate <em>Tetrahymena thermophila</em> Against Metal(Loids) and Other Environmental Stressors — Preprints.org 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · DOI 10.20944/preprints202607.1562.v1