Enfuvirtide

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

open access ↗ · PMID 41115011 · DOI 10.1021/acsami.5c20308

Antiviral peptides (AVPs) are emerging as next-generation therapeutics due to their broad-spectrum activity, low toxicity, and ability to overcome drug resistance. The objective of this review is to provide an integrated perspective on AVP research, with particular emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI)-driven discovery, novel delivery strategies, and translational applications. We first summarize the origins, mechanisms, and structural diversity of AVPs. We then highlight recent advances in computational pipelines, including machine learning, deep learning, generative adversarial networks (GANs), large language models (LLMs), and reinforcement learning frameworks for de novo peptide design. Translational aspects are addressed by discussing novel delivery systems such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and intranasal/inhalable formulations, as well as clinical trial examples (like, enfuvirti…

open access ↗ · PMID 41106780 · DOI 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199642

abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.

publisher record ↗ · PMID 40532764 · DOI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113954

AIDS, caused by HIV-1, is a devastating condition that severely compromises the human immune system, often resulting in fatal consequences. The primary therapeutic approach for AIDS involves a combination of multiple agents, known as "cocktail therapy," aimed at maximizing and sustainably suppressing viral replication within patients. The ongoing discovery of novel compounds and the establishment of innovative research strategies have become the mandatory path to provide increasingly effective treatment options for AIDS. Peptide-based fusion inhibitors, exemplified as enfuvirtide, are able to target the six-helix bundle fusion core in HIV-1 envelope protein and function during the early stage of viral invasion. However, the prolonged and intensive use of enfuvirtide in clinical settings has posed significant challenges, including the emergence of drug resistance. N-peptide fusion inhibit…

open access ↗ · PMID 40207932 · DOI 10.1128/jvi.02289-24

Due to the presence of peptidase and protease in the gastrointestinal tract, peptides are subjected to digestion and inactivation when administrated orally. To avoid degradation and maintain the desired efficacy of peptide drugs, there is a demand to develop transdermal and intradermal delivery systems. This requires efficient and specific analytical methods to separate and quantify the peptide drugs from the formulation and the skin matrix in the early stages of pharmaceutical development. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with a fluorometric detector was used to quantify enfuvirtide, which is the first fusion inhibitor for HIV treatment. The HPLC method was developed and validated according to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The viability of the method was demonstrated during in vitro studies, where samples were analysed following intradermal administration of …

open access ↗ · PMID 37120679 · DOI 10.1007/s13346-023-01344-5

Enfuvirtide, the inaugural biomimetic fusion inhibitor of HIV-1, has exhibited remarkable antiviral efficacy when administered in conjunction with an optimized antiretroviral regimen. Nonetheless, the high incidence (98%) of injection site reactions associated with twice-daily subcutaneous administration severely compromises patient adherence and long-term therapeutic outcomes. This study proposes hydrogel-forming microneedles (MNs) as a minimally invasive and painless modality for the transdermal delivery of this therapeutic peptide. Leveraging a rigorous Quality by Design (QbD) framework, this investigation systematically delineated the critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) of the hydrogel formulation, mapping their influence on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of MNs to achieve a meticulously defined quality-target product profile (QTPP). The…

open access ↗ · PMID 40063825 · DOI 10.1021/acsami.5c00499

No published information is available on the use of enfuvirtide during breastfeeding. Enfuvirtide is not a recommended agent during breastfeeding.[1] Achieving and maintaining viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy decreases breastfeeding transmission risk to less than 1%, but not zero. Individuals with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy with a sustained undetectable viral load and who choose to breastfeed should be supported in this decision. If a viral load is not suppressed, banked pasteurized donor milk or formula is recommended.[2,3]

open access ↗ · PMID 30000878