database / melanocortin
Bremelanotide
also known as PT-141, Vyleesi
Skeletal structure drawn from the computed atomic coordinates in PubChem CID 9941379. Carbons are implicit vertices; hydrogens on carbon are suppressed, as in any structural formula. Nothing here is estimated — every atom sits where PubChem placed it.
Research reference only. The observations below are recorded in the cited literature. Nothing here is advice or a recommendation, and no dosing information is published on this site.
Sequence
Primary structure not characterised in the public records this index draws on. Nothing is shown rather than something invented.
Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH — the free-acid analogue of Melanotan II.
Molecular data
| molecular formula | C50H68N14O10 |
|---|---|
| molecular weight | 1025.2 Da (PubChem) |
| computed backbone mass | not characterised |
| length | not characterised |
| net charge (pH 7.4) | not characterised |
| mean hydropathy | not characterised |
| half-life | not characterised |
| delivery route | subcutaneous |
| PubChem CID | 9941379 |
| PDB | not characterised |
| UniProt parent | not characterised |
Mechanism
Melanocortin receptor agonist acting centrally, with MC4R implicated.
Reported targets: MC4R MC1R
Experimental structure
No experimental structure of this peptide is deposited in the PDB. Nothing is rendered here — a predicted fold would not be a structure, and this site does not draw one.
Reported effects
Each row is an outcome described in the literature indexed for this peptide. Reported in the cited work — not a claim, not a recommendation.
| reported outcome | where it appears |
|---|---|
| sexual-desire outcomes in trials | Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for … Neuropharmacology 2025 |
Registered trials
| NCT | title | status | phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02338960 | 2. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoac | COMPLETED | PHASE3 |
| NCT00425256 | Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide in Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disord | COMPLETED | PHASE2 |
| NCT01382719 | Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive S | COMPLETED | PHASE2 |
| NCT03973047 | Study to Evaluate Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With Singl | COMPLETED | PHASE1 |
| NCT05709444 | A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study of Bremelanotide in Diabetic Kidney | COMPLETED | PHASE2 |
Literature (8)
Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder — Neuropharmacology 2025
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 39793696 · DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110299
Should Bremelanotide Be Considered for the Treatment of Sexual Arousal and Desire Disorders in Men? — Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 41960633 · DOI 10.1097/jcp.0000000000002179
Comprehensive characterization of bremelanotide acetate and its degradants by LC-HRMS/MS and predicting epimerization through computational modelling — Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42485063 · DOI 10.1039/d6ay01098a
Bremelanotide — National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda (MD) 2006
No information is available on the clinical use of bremelanotide during breastfeeding. Because bremelanotide is a cyclic peptide molecule with a molecular weight of 1025, the amount in milk is likely to be very low and absorption is unlikely because it is probably destroyed in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. Until more data become available, bremelanotide should be used with caution during breastfeeding, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant.
open access ↗ · PMID 31369224
Evaluation of Research Grade Peptides Marketed Directly to Consumers Reveals Extensive Variability in Purity and Measured Abundance — Preprints.org 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · DOI 10.20944/preprints202604.1748.v1
Goldilocks-Inspired Design of Mid-Size Macrocycles for Selective Targeting of Human Melanocortin Receptors — Journal of medicinal chemistry 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42340853 · DOI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c01074
Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells <i>via</i> Suppression of Survivin Expression — Anticancer research 2024
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 39197897 · DOI 10.21873/anticanres.17214
Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging — Frontiers in aging 2026
BackgroundPeptide therapeutics represent an emerging frontier in gerontological medicine, targeting fundamental hallmarks of aging including metabolic dysfunction, telomere attrition, tissue repair impairment, and hormonal decline.ObjectiveTo comprehensively review the mechanisms, clinical applications, evidence base, and safety profiles of therapeutic peptides with demonstrated or potential applications in healthy aging and age-related conditions.MethodsA comprehensive narrative review was conducted through systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and regulatory databases (FDA, WADA) from inception through January 2026. Search terms included "peptide therapeutics," "aging," "gerontology," "healthspan," combined with specific peptide names (tirzepatide, epitalon, GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500, Semax, CJC-1295, ipamorelin, bremelanotide). Peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, regulatory docume…
open access ↗ · PMID 42021992 · DOI 10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247
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