database / cofactor
NAD+
also known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Skeletal structure drawn from the computed atomic coordinates in PubChem CID 5892. Carbons are implicit vertices; hydrogens on carbon are suppressed, as in any structural formula. Nothing here is estimated — every atom sits where PubChem placed it.
Research reference only. The observations below are recorded in the cited literature. Nothing here is advice or a recommendation, and no dosing information is published on this site.
Sequence
Primary structure not characterised in the public records this index draws on. Nothing is shown rather than something invented.
Not a peptide. NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme — it is indexed here because it sits in the same research lane, and its sequence field is permanently null.
Molecular data
| molecular formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
|---|---|
| molecular weight | 663.4 Da (PubChem) |
| computed backbone mass | not characterised |
| length | not characterised |
| net charge (pH 7.4) | not characterised |
| mean hydropathy | not characterised |
| half-life | not characterised |
| delivery route | not characterised |
| PubChem CID | 5892 |
| PDB | not characterised |
| UniProt parent | not characterised |
Mechanism
Redox coenzyme and substrate for sirtuins and PARPs.
Reported targets: sirtuins PARPs CD38
Experimental structure
No experimental structure of this peptide is deposited in the PDB. Nothing is rendered here — a predicted fold would not be a structure, and this site does not draw one.
Reported effects
Each row is an outcome described in the literature indexed for this peptide. Reported in the cited work — not a claim, not a recommendation.
| reported outcome | where it appears |
|---|---|
| cellular energy metabolism | The role of redox state in regulating plant secondary metabolism under stres… Functional plant biology : FPB 2026 |
| sirtuin activity | Placental nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide modulates the timing of labor Science (New York, N.Y.) 2026 |
Registered trials
| NCT | title | status | phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04955951 | Ultrasonographic Response to Polarized Light Therapy in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis | TERMINATED | — |
| NCT05706402 | N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for the Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of COPD | UNKNOWN | PHASE3 |
| NCT07774000 | Efficacy of Topical Niacinamide Riboside on the Signs of Facial Skin Aging | RECRUITING | NA |
| NCT05761522 | Cardiovascular Effects of Norepinephrine | UNKNOWN | — |
| NCT01810822 | Sex-specific Association With Kidney Disease | COMPLETED | — |
Literature (8)
The role of redox state in regulating plant secondary metabolism under stress — Functional plant biology : FPB 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42482299 · DOI 10.1071/fp25221
Placental nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide modulates the timing of labor — Science (New York, N.Y.) 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42275500 · DOI 10.1126/science.adz1624
Muscle NAD(P) metabolism tracks muscle health more than chronological age — Research Square 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10693653/v1
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets — Cureus 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42495453 · DOI 10.7759/cureus.111384
Application of Organic Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for NAD(P)H Imaging and Detection — Chemistry, an Asian journal 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42406475 · DOI 10.1002/asia.70873
Multi-module immobilization of Gluconobacter frateurii alcohol dehydrogenase and Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase with tethered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for D-allulose biosynthesis — International journal of biological macromolecules 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42468593 · DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.153590
Potent Neuronal Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Boosting Tetrahydroquinoxalines: Structure-Activity Relationships and Early Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Evaluation — ACS medicinal chemistry letters 2026
We designed and synthesized a series of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline derivatives and evaluated their ability to increase nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels in primary cortical neurons. Several compounds demonstrated nanomolar potency and enabled the establishment of clear structure-activity relationships (SAR), highlighting key substituents required for activity. Qualitative 3DSAR analysis further identified favorable steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic features associated with NAD enhancement. Selected lead compounds were assessed for in vitro drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties, showing good cell permeability and species-dependent metabolic stability in liver microsomes, with improved stability in human systems compared with rodent systems. These findings identify tetrahydroquinoxalines as a promising class of neuronal NAD-boosting agents and pr…
open access ↗ · PMID 41982735 · DOI 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6c00058
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Its Anti-aging Effects in the Context of Longevity and Menopause. — Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42669985 · DOI 10.2174/0113895575469704260805105227