database / mitochondrial
Humanin
Skeletal structure drawn from the computed atomic coordinates in PubChem CID 16131438. Carbons are implicit vertices; hydrogens on carbon are suppressed, as in any structural formula. Nothing here is estimated — every atom sits where PubChem placed it.
Research reference only. The observations below are recorded in the cited literature. Nothing here is advice or a recommendation, and no dosing information is published on this site.
Sequence
MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA
Met-Ala-Pro-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ser-Cys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Ser-Glu-Ile-Asp-Leu-Pro-Val-Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala
- hydrophobic
- positive
- negative
- polar
- aromatic
- glycine
- proline
- cysteine
Computed backbone mass 2687.26 Da agrees with PubChem's reported 2687.2 Da (Δ 0.06 Da). Two independent sources agree on the primary structure.
Molecular data
| molecular formula | C119H204N34O32S2 |
|---|---|
| molecular weight | 2687.2 Da (PubChem) |
| computed backbone mass | 2687.26 Da |
| length | 24 residues |
| net charge (pH 7.4) | +2 |
| mean hydropathy | 0.34 |
| half-life | not characterised |
| delivery route | not characterised |
| PubChem CID | 16131438 |
| PDB | not characterised |
| UniProt parent | not characterised |
Mechanism
Mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for cytoprotective signalling.
Reported targets: FPRL1 gp130 receptor complex
Experimental structure
No experimental structure of this peptide is deposited in the PDB. Nothing is rendered here — a predicted fold would not be a structure, and this site does not draw one.
Helical wheel
Residues projected at 100° per turn, the standard α-helix rotation. Shown because helicity in this peptide is described in the cited literature.
Reported effects
Each row is an outcome described in the literature indexed for this peptide. Reported in the cited work — not a claim, not a recommendation.
| reported outcome | where it appears |
|---|---|
| neuroprotection in models | Humanin ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular damage in a streptozotocin-i… Experimental physiology 2026 |
| apoptosis reduction in models | Humanin peptide ameliorates reproductive dysfunction and restores neuroendoc… Reproductive biology 2026 |
Registered trials
| NCT | title | status | phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07678073 | Comparison of the Effects of General Anesthesia and Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia on F | RECRUITING | NA |
| NCT06105229 | Clinical Value of Plasma Humanin in Acute Kidney Injury | UNKNOWN | — |
| NCT07438002 | Analysis of Effects of High-intensity Physical Exercise in Subjects With Dialyzed Chronic Ki | RECRUITING | NA |
| NCT03431844 | Humanin Isoforms in Cardiac Muscle and Blood Plasma and Major Complications After Cardiac Op | COMPLETED | — |
| NCT04104958 | IVF Outcome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients | UNKNOWN | — |
Literature (8)
Humanin ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular damage in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model — Experimental physiology 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42438323 · DOI 10.1113/ep093912
Humanin peptide ameliorates reproductive dysfunction and restores neuroendocrine mechanisms in SSRI-treated male rats — Reproductive biology 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42480246 · DOI 10.1016/j.repbio.2026.101254
Network Topology and Interactomic Analysis Reveal the Regulatory Framework of the Humanin Protein Family (MTRNR2Lx Class) — Biomolecules 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42509775 · DOI 10.3390/biom16070981
Humanin as a Molecular Indicator of Semen Quality and Cryotolerance in Crossbred Cattle — Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42223320 · DOI 10.1111/rda.70240
Mitochondrial-derived Peptides and Cytoprotection in ARDS: Emerging Therapeutic Promise of Humanin — American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42262906 · DOI 10.1093/ajrcmb/aanag116
Humanin Mitigates Aβ-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Injury via AMPK-Beclin1-Dependent Mitophagy — Aging cell 2026
Amyloid beta (Aβ), a key component of drusen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and degeneration in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), contributing to progressive vision loss in the elderly. We investigated the protective role of Humanin (HN), a mitochondria-derived peptide with known neuroprotective effects in Aβ-related neurodegenerative diseases, in retinal pathology induced by subretinal injection of FITC-labeled Aβ. HN enhanced the clearance of Aβ-accumulated mitochondria in the RPE while preserving retinal function and RPE barrier integrity. In ARPE-19 cells, HN activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to phosphorylation of ULK1 and Beclin1, which promoted the interaction between Beclin1 and Parkin and their translocation to mitochondria. This process facilitated the removal of Aβ-accumulated mitochondria…
open access ↗ · PMID 42333946 · DOI 10.1111/acel.70601
Humanin Restores Metabolic Hormone Homeostasis of Leptin, Ghrelin, Irisin and Asprosin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice — Metabolites 2026
abstract not reproduced — this record is not open-access, so it is linked rather than copied.
publisher record ↗ · PMID 42346352 · DOI 10.3390/metabo16060373
Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with mitochondrial microproteins Humanin and SHMOOSE; potential role of the Humanin-Nox2 interaction in cardioprotection — Frontiers in nutrition 2025
BackgroundThe health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (Med-Diet) have been demonstrated in observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Emerging evidence suggests that the biological effects of the Med-Diet may be mediated by the modulation of mitochondrial function. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes microproteins, which have been shown to regulate aging, cardiometabolic functions, and neuroprotection.ObjectivesTo investigate Humanin and SHMOOSE (Small Human Mitochondrial ORF Over SErine tRNA), as potential mitochondrial biomarkers of Med-Diet adherence and their associations with markers of oxidative stress.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of 49 patients (mean age 78.4 ± 8.7 years; 57% female) selected from an observational study of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) conducted at the Atherothrombosis Center of Sapienza University of Rome. Patients were categorized i…
open access ↗ · PMID 41883858 · DOI 10.3389/fnut.2025.1727012